On the northern bank of the Zayandarud River, at the foot of the Zagros Mountains, lies one of Iran's largest cities: Isfahan. Situated at the intersection of two major routes: north-south and east-west, it has become a pivotal point in the region's history. Its name derives from an ancient Persian word meaning "gathering place for the army," and this is just one of the roles it played.

Isfahan is the cradle of civilization and witness to many events. The city was the magnificent capital of the Seljuk and Safavid dynasties and was renowned for its beauty, giving rise to the Persian proverb: "Isfahan is half the world."

Today, it is arguably Iran's most popular tourist destination, boasting an unrivaled number of attractions. Among them is the 400-year-old Naqsh-e Jahan Square in the city center. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979.

It is a rectangle, with historic buildings rising at its corners. The Shah Mosque, built in the early 17th century on the southern side of the square, is one of the most famous masterpieces of Persian architecture. It was during this period-from the 9th to the 18th centuries-that Isfahan flourished.

The Sheikh Lotfallah Mosque in the eastern part of the square is the largest in the city, and nearby is the Ali Qapu Palace, where the Shah himself and his family resided. Finally, the Qaysari Gate on the northern side opens onto the Grand Bazaar of Isfahan.

The square is depicted on the reverse side of the Iranian 20,000 rial banknote.

The arched stone pedestrian bridge, Khaju Bridge, across the Zayandaru River is another landmark of the city. It consists of two tiers, with a pavilion in the center built for the Shah to rest in. There are 11 bridges in Isfahan, each unique and interesting.

Built in the 17th century, Hasht Behesht Palace is protected by the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization. Along with the surrounding area, it is a historical park open to the public. Nearby is another interesting palace from that period, Chehel Sotun (Palace of the Forty Columns). It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Persian Gardens site.

"Turquoise set in gold" is one of the many poetic names associated with Isfahan. The azure domes of mosques, luxurious gardens and verdant embankments with shady willows, and colorful craft markets and workshops make it a true open-air historical museum.

Isfahan's sister city in Russia is St. Petersburg. Just as the northern city is a cultural capital, Isfahan is Iran's premier tourist and cultural destination.

Photo by  Sergey Semenov

10 October 2025